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ABSTRACT
This study examined the underdevelopment and insurgencies in Nigeria: A case study of Boko Haram terrorism in the North East. Nigeria has experienced series of attacks and blast in most region of the country. The violent agitation by Militants in the Niger Delta region (MEND) has often led to loss of lives and properties otherwise known as “Movement for Emancipation of Niger Delta. So many spirited groups hide under this body to carry out their nefarious acts of rebellion govern the Nigerian state to express their governances over the degradations of the operation of the multinational organization. Boko Haram is not just any other group pursuing its legitimate interest in the society. This is an insurgent group that has virtually declared war on the Nigeria state. It has killed and maimed hundred of innocent Nigerians through bomb attacks in several states. It defiance of lawful authority is demonstrated by relentless attacks on policemen and soldiers. Boko Haram has sacked police stations, carting away arms and ammunition from their armory. The study there conclude that in dealing with the upsurge of violence emanating from the Boko Haram sect, the government should adopt the carrot and stick approach with a mixture of dialogue and use of force. For there to be sustainable peace and development in Nigeria, this study is of the view that certain issues like poverty, unemployment, social injustice needs to be squarely addressed by the Nigerian state. The study therefore made the following recommendations that the federal government should disband all private ethnic and political militias and ensure comprehensive demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of these militias. Also data on victims of Boko Haram should be collated and adequately compensated. The Nigerian government should strengthen the capacity of the country security agencies to enable them to be more proactive in handling threats to peace and security. Building their capacity would entail among others, providing them with adequate equipment and logistic capacity, building of intelligence gathering facilities and joint training exercise on counter insurgency operations. There should be a federal, state and local government’s intervention, especially in education, health care and greater pressure on northern elite to develop the region. In addition, popular participation in the process of government is needed to integrate those that have been alienated.
