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ABSTRACT
The issue of synchronization is critical to the proper functioning of gridconnected inverters. According to studies, the three most important characteristics for grid-tied applications are voltage (amplitude, phase, and frequency). This paper details the planning and execution of a prototype synchronization system for grid-tied inverter operation. This work involves the designing of a 2kVA inverter and a synchronizing circuit built around a master microcontroller (PIC16F877A) which checks for the availability of the AC mains, if the AC mains is present, the master controller will turn on the inverter and feed it to the load outlet. The master controller observes the load AC mains voltage and frequency and adjust that of the inverter to meet that of the AC mains and once the two have been synchronized the inverter and ac mains supply are connected to each other to feed the electrical load. The AC mains being of infinite power ensures that the system is able to sustain the increasing load even when it goes beyond 5Amps. The master controller, monitors and corrects the inverters frequency and voltage should in case it goes out of synchronization. The master does this in a three-step procedure, it takes out the unsynchronized inverter input, rectifies the voltage and frequency, and then quickly reintroduces it back into the load supply line. The operation of the design and construction of a prototype synchronization system for grid-tied inverter operation was tested by manually varying the frequency. It was observed that the system was able to adjust the frequency so as to correspond with values from the AC supply, thus making Synchronization possible.
