ABSTRACT
It is presumed that drugs sourced from herbs have lesser side effects than allopathic drugs. Dialium guineense is commonly used in herbal therapy to treat diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects human health. In 2025, 300 million persons worldwide will have diabetes, prompting the search for improved anti-diabetic drugs. The majority of diabetes mellitus cases fall into two broad categories: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), previously known as insulin-dependent, or juvenile onset diabetes, where insulin production is deficient; and type 2 diabetes, previously known as non-insulin dependent or adult-onset diabetes, which accounts for 90% of all diabetes cases and results from the body's ineffective use of insulin.. Methanol extract of Dialum guineense leaves may have antioxidant qualities and be used to treat diabetes, which is influenced by oxidant species.
This study investigated the cardiac oxidative status in diabetic Wistar Rats administered the methanol fraction of ethanol extract of Dialium guineense stem bark after being induced with streptozocin. The methanol fraction of ethanol extract of Dialium guineense stem bark was used to treat the diabetic rats. The Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups with five animals in each group and kept in separate cages,Group1: Normal Control; Group II (Diabetic Control) low dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) ; Group III: low dose of STZ + Metformin 200 mg/kg bwt Group IV; low dose of STZ + 200 mg/kg of methanol fraction of ethanol extract of Dialium guineense stem bark. Group V: low dose of STZ +300 mg/kg bwt methanol fraction of ethanol extract of Dialiumguineense stem bark. The results showed that induction of diabetes mellitus with STZ significantlydecreased the activities of the oxidative stress markers and concentration of NO in cardiac tissue (p< 0.05). However, treatment of diabetic rats with methanol fraction of ethanol extract of Dialium guineense (MEDG) stem bark markedly increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes as well as NO concentration (p< 0.05), but it did not significantly alter cardiac total protein concentration (p > 0.05).
According to the findings of this research, the methanol fraction of the ethanol extract of Dialum guineense stem bark is able to change the oxidative status of the hearts of diabetic rats. This finding lends credence to the use of Dialum guineense in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, additional research needs to be done in order to investigate its mode of action and determine whether or not it is harmful over the long run.
