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ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to present an acoustics analysis of the tones in the Esan language, using spectrographic analysis. It is concentrated on di-syyabic and tri-syllabic forms in ubiaja dialect of the language by examining the pitch values of the words. The data collected for the research study were collected from the native speakers of the Ubiaja dialect using the Swadesh 200 word list of basic vocabularies, with the aid of digital voice recorder. Each of the sound recordings was saved and converted to a WAVE file and then analyzed with PRAAT (Version 5.3.53) installed on a DELL inspiron N5050 notebook with Windows7 operating system. The study employed the Descriptive framework as its underlying theoretical framework. The findings from the study show that the value of high tones in Ubiaja dialect is 183.4Hz in a tri-syllabic word, which is higher than the value of high tone 179.7Hz in Di-syllabic words. The analysis also suggests that the average pitch value of a high tone in this dialect is 181Hz while that of a low tone is 161Hz. Some tonal processes that are observed in the analysis of data in Ubiaja include upstep, downdrift and contour (rising and falling) tones.
