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ABSTRACT
In the last decades, a very important breakthrough has been brought in the elementary particle physics by the discovery of the phenomenon of the neutrino oscillations, which has shown neutrino properties beyond the Standard Model. But a full understanding of the various aspects of the neutrino oscillations is far to be achieved.
In this project the theoretical background of the neutrino oscillation phenomenon is described, referring in particular to the probability of oscillating of muon neutrino to electron neutrino. Then the various techniques and models which studied neutrinos from different sources are discussed, to determine whether the spectrum is normal or inverted, one may study the effect of earth matter on νu → νe and νu → νe oscillations, find the probability used to determine the energy.
The physics results are finally presented adopting the same research path which has crossed this long saga. The problems not yet fixed in this field are discussed, together with the perspectives of their solutions in the near future.
