PREVALENCE OF INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus species

ABSTRACT

Clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotics, has been widely used to combat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS). It is regarded as an effective substitute medication for penicillin in the management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates and in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus species. It accumulates in abscesses, has great tissue penetration, and renal disease does not require dosage modifications. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistant (ICR) Staphylococcus species in clinical isolates recovered from patients in Benin city, Nigeria. A total of 240 Staphylococci isolates were obtained from various clinical samples. These isolates were then identified using standard bacteriological techniques including colonial morphology, Gram staining, catalase and coagulase. The detection of ICR Staphylococcus species was done by D - Test method. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. The prevalence of ICR among Staphylococcus species obtained from this study was 22 (9.17%). Isolates that had inducible resistance to clindamycin was higher in methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates 16 (80.00%) than in methicillin sensitive S. aureus isolates 4 (20.00%). Resistance to cefotaxime recorded a significantly high prevalence in S. aureus 180 (96.78), CONS 54 (100.00%) and ICR 22 (100.00%) isolates. All isolates were more sensitive to imipenem/cilastin as compared to other antibiotics tested. The good oral absorption of clindamycin makes it an alternative option for use in treatment of Staphylococcal infections. However, the emergence of (ICR) poses a significant clinical challenge. The D-test is a reliable method to detect these ICR resistant strains and incorporating this testing technique into routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing can help to improve proficiency in patient health care.