PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASE PRODUCING Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) are transmissible to humans because of their zoonotic potentials. People working very closely with chickens either on farms or markets are at greater risk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli from poultry birds in several poultry farms across Benin City, Edo State. This Study was conducted in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 400 isolates of Escherichia coli was isolated from poultry birds faeces. ESBL was detected in 84 (21%) of the 400 isolates of Escherichia coli. Identification of the isolates was done using Standard bacteriological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. ESBL production by isolates was detected by the method of Double disc synergy test (DDST). A prevalence rate of 21% ESBL production among Escherichia coli was detected. The detection rate of ESBL producing E. coli was higher in Hen (28.1%) than in Cocks (17.6%), and also high in age of the poultry birds within 13-17 weeks (29%). The ESBL-producers were most frequently detected in the frequency of the Antibiotic treatment (40%). ESBL- E. coli and non ESBL- E. coli producers were susceptible to Gentamycin and Augumentin, also ESBL- E. coli producers had a lower susceptibility profile compared to non ESBL- E.coli producers. The introduction of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from poultry farms to the environment can pose a health risk if these bacteria reach places where people may become exposed. The relatively high prevalence of ESBL- E. coli producers recorded in this study calls for routine detection and surveillance of ESBL-EC producers among poultry birds.