ABSTRACT
The characterization of diesel fuel is crucial for understanding its suitability for various industrial
alications, particularly in transportation and heavy-duty machinery. This study evaluated the
physicochemical properties of five diesel samples sourced from licensed dispensing outlets in
Benin City, Nigeria. The sampling locations included NNPC Diesel Station, Total Station, Mende
Filling Station, AA Rano Filling Station, and Quest Filling Station, all located in different local
government areas of the city. The key parameters analyzed included specific gravity, viscosity,
pour point, flash point, and cloud point, all of which were assessed according to American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The results revealed that the viscosity of the samples
ranged from 53.6 to 68.2 mPa.s (Millie Pascal with the highest viscosity observed in Sample C
(Mende). Specific gravity values ranged between 0.8516 and 0.8659, consistent with standard
diesel characteristics. The pour point varied, with Sample D (AA Rano) exhibiting the lowest pour
point of -8.1°C, suggesting enhanced performance in colder climates. The flash point of all samples
exceeded the minimum safety threshold of 52°C, with Sample B (Total) showing the highest value
of 80°C, indicating a higher level of stability during handling and storage. These findings highlight
the diverse quality of diesel fuel available in Benin City, emphasizing the importance of ensuring
fuel consistency for optimal engine performance and safety
