ABSTRACT
Acalypha wilkesiana, goes by common names such as copper leaf, Joseph's coat, and fire dragon originating from Fiji and neighboring South Pacific islands. It has become a popular outdoor plant that has spread to various parts of the world, particularly in tropical regions across Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Acalypha wilkesiana as a Medicinal plant possesses some phytochemicals that has effects on the immune system against infections and tumors. It has shown a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal effects in various studies. Acalypha wilkesiana have also been found to have effect on the hematological indices. Due to the presence of the phytochemicals like tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids amd alkaloid. Hematological indices comprises of the red blood cells count, white blood cells count, basophil count, Neutrophil count, Eosinophil count. 1, 2 -dimethylhydrazine has also been established to induce tumors or cancers, specifically colon cancer. DMH and its metabolite, azoxymethane (AOM), are procarcinogens that require metabolic activation to become DNA-reactive substances. DMH and its metabolites play a significant role in the development of carcinogenesis through a complex process involving metabolic activation and DNA damage in the colon and liver. This research examined the effect of the Ethanol leaf extract on the blood profile of rats exposed to 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine. A total of 46 rats were divided into six groups labeled 1 to 6. Groups 1 and 2 having seven (7) animals in them while group 3,4,5, and 6 had eight (8) animals each. Group 2 was the tumorigenic control, Group 3 was the positive control while groups 4, 5, and 6 were given dimethylhydrazine and treated with Acalypha wilkesiana. Group 1 was solely fed growers mash and water. The study found that there was only a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the concentrations of Eosinophils in group 6 (F) relative to the control (p < 0.05). However, other groups was not significantly increased. The concentration of Neutrophils and Basophils was not significantly increased (p > 0.05). This the research revealed that Acalypha wilkesiena plant has no positive immunologic potential on the status of Granulocytes (Neutrophil, Eosinophil and Basophil) and as it does not show any positive immunomodulatory effect on the Neutrophil, Eosinophil and Basophil level of wistar rats induced with colorectal cancer. The study also revealed that the plant extract has inflammatory potential in high doses.reveals that Acalypha wilkesiana may be safe, as it did not induce an immune response in the animals. This research assesses the impact of Acalypha wilkesiana on the Neutrophil, Eosinophil and Basophil status of wister rats administered 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.
