GENETIC DISTANCE AND PHYLOGENETICS OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2 (TLR2) IN MUTURU BREED OF CATTLE

ABSTRACT

The Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene plays a crucial role in the innate immune system of cattle, and its genetic diversity can significantly impact disease resistance and overall health. This study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the TLR2 gene in the Muturu breed of cattle from Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from Muturu cattle in Warri and Ibadan, and genomic DNA was extracted using a spin-column kit. The TLR2 gene was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers, and the PCR products were visualized on an agarose gel. Multiple sequence alignment and genetic distance estimation were performed using MEGA 7.0 software. The phylogenetic relationships among the Muturu cattle samples were analyzed using the Neighbor-Joining method. The constructed phylogenetic tree revealed varying degrees of genetic relatedness and evolutionary divergence among the samples. Some individuals, such as Muturu1 and Muturu10, were closely related, while others, like Muturu2 and Muturu4, were more genetically distinct. The observed genetic diversity was attributed to factors like positive selection, varying selective pressures, geographical isolation, and environmental filtering. The results highlight the importance of maintaining genetic diversity within the Muturu cattle breed to enhance disease resistance, adaptability, and overall productivity. Understanding the genetic relationships within the phylogenetic tree can aid in informed breeding strategies and the identification of valuable traits for selective breeding programs.