ABSTRACT

Purpose: The study investigated the formulation and Antimicrobial activity of propolis emulsion against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Method: Propolis was extracted with 70 ml Ethanol (100%) and the emulsion was prepared using Cod liver oil, water and an Emulgent. Acacia gum was used as an emulgent

Results: Formulation parameters evaluated were globule sizes, flow rate and viscosities of fresh and aged emulsion while the emulsion was evaluated for activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The result showed a decrease in viscosity over time and higher viscosities with higher concentration of emulgent for instance mean viscosities of the emulsions in centipoise were 26.61 ± 0.949 (400 mg), 54.69 ± 0.355 (800 mg) and 65.17 ± 0.323 (1600 mg). Various concentrations of the propolis extract (400 µg, 800 µg, 1600 µg) produce an inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli while the Blank propolis extract produced no zone of inhibition.

Conclusion: The study has shown that propolis has significant antimicrobial properties and the findings have useful application in the formulation of drugs in disperse system.