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Abstract
Groundwater is a crucial resource for smallholder farmers in Nigeria, providing a reliable water supply for irrigation and livestock. However, unsustainable extraction practices threaten the long-term availability of this vital resource. This paper explores sustainable groundwater extraction methods tailored for smallholder farmers in Nigeria. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern technology, such as low-cost drip irrigation, solar-powered pumps, and water-efficient crop varieties, farmers can enhance water use efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Conclusively sustanable groundwater management is not only a technical challenge but also a socioeconomic and environmental imperative. It requires a multifaceted approach that combines technology, policy, community engagement, and education. The paper recommended that smallholder farmers should adopt low- cost and efficient technologies such as the Implementation of solar powered groundwater pumps to reduce operational costs and reliance on erratic power supplies or expensive fuel, and also to encourage the use of drip irrigation to minimize water wastage and maximize crop yield, and also that the Federal Government of Nigeria should Implement projects like the construction of check dams, percolation tanks, and recharge wells to enhance groundwater recharge in order to promote the collection and storage of rainwater for agricultural usage.
Keyword: Sustainable, Groundwater, Extraction, Smallholder-Farmers
