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ABSTRACT
The germination of Crescentia cujete seeds is hindered by factors such as hard seed coats, physiological dormancy, and environmental constraints, limiting its ecological, medicinal, and economic potential. This study investigates the effects of hormonal priming using thiourea and ascorbic acid on the germination and early seedling growth of Crescentia cujete seeds collected from different regions in Nigeria. The research aimed to determine the optimal concentration and exposure duration for hormonal priming treatments and compare their efficacy with traditional germination methods. Seeds from Benin (BEN), North Central (NSV), South West (IBD), and South East (SES) were primed at concentrations of 100ppm, 500ppm, and 1000ppm for durations ranging from 1 to 72 hours. Germination time, final germination percentage, leaf area, root length, and seedling weight were measured over eight weeks. The results showed that hormonal priming significantly reduced germination time across all locations, with BEN seeds exhibiting the most substantial reduction from 367 hours in the control to 174 hours when primed for 72 hours. However, priming had mixed effects on germination percentages and seedling growth parameters, with some seed sources showing improved germination while others experienced reduced growth. Biochemical analysis revealed no significant changes in total protein content but indicated a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, suggesting increased susceptibility to oxidative stress in primed seeds. The study concludes that hormonal priming can enhance Crescentia cujete seed germination but requires optimization to mitigate negative effects on seedling growth. Tailoring priming protocols to specific genetic and environmental conditions is recommended for effective application in agroforestry and conservation efforts. Future research should explore alternative priming agents and further optimize treatment parameters to maximize germination success and seedling vigor
