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ABSTRACT
African nations depend heavily on Piper guineense (Uziza), which is also valued for its medicinal and dietary benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Piper guineense aqueous leaf extract on the kidney of adult Wistar rats. A total of thirty rats weighing 180g-205g were assigned into groups (A, B, C, D and E) of five rats per groups. The rats had free access to grower mash feed (Top feed mills, Nigera) through out the entire study period. Group A Which served as control were administered 1ml of distilled H2O, Group B was given 4mg of arsenic trioxide, Group C was administered 100mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of piper guineense , Group D was given 800mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of piper guineense per body weight, Group E was given 4mg of arsenic trioxide and 100mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of piper guineense, while Group F was administered 4mg of arsenic trioxide and 800mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of piper guineense. Orogastric tube were used to administer extracts and toxicants respectively. On the 28th day the rats were sacrificed. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized using chloroform anaesthesia. Their kidneys were harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline and taken to the Histopathology department in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benn City for histological processing using H&E stains for microscopy. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the IBM SPSS statistics software (statistical package for social science) (Version 25) and relevant statistical values were obtained. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out and data were presented as mean±SEM.LSD post-hoctest were used. Values of P<0.05 were considered significant. The statistical values obtained converted into graphical representations in the form of bar charts. Results show there were statistically significant increases (P<0.05) of body weights in all groups, when the initial body weight were compared to the final body weights. Histologically, the group treated with Arsenic acid and Piper Guineense at a low dose of 100mg/kg showed normal histological architecture but with active interstitial congestion while the group treated with Arsenic acid and Piper Guineense at a high dose of 800mg/kg showed renal tissue architecture and features. In conclusion, based on the findings, it was suggested that Piper guineense leaf extract has a more protective effect at higher doses than lower doses, hence, the dosage pattern of Piper guineense is best effective at a higher dose.
