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ABSTRACT
High salt is associated with several adverse effect including alterations in urea and creatinine concentration, cardiovascular risk, different ionic imbalance and sudden death. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of high salt diet on the kidneys using urea and creatinine levels in the blood. Eighteen (18) male wistar rats were randomly separated into three (3) groups consisting of six (6) rats in each group labeled group A, group B, and group C. Group A served as the control group which consists of six (6) rats which were given normal rat chow and water ad libitum. Group B consists of six (6) rats which were fed with rat chow containing 3% NaCl for 2 weeks. Group C consists of six (6) rats which were fed with 7% NaCl for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia and blood was obtained through cardiac puncture and was placed in lithium heparin bottles and was thereafter taken immediately to the lab for the analysis of urea and creatinine levels. The samples were centrifuged and then individual tests were carried out. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS statistics software, Version 25 and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out on the results. The results were presented as means +/-SEM (Standard error of means). P<0.5 were considered statistically significant. The statistical values obtained were thereafter were converted into graphical representations in the form of barcharts. The results showed that high salt diet affects the level of creatinine and urea clearance in the blood. The kidneys were not able to clear the urea and creatinine like it will when the kidneys are functioning properly. The creatinine and urea concentration/ level in the high salt group was seen to be higher compared to the control group. These effects could however be an apparent advantage in preventing the deleterious effects of high salt diet on the kidneys because these parameters are determinants in assessing kidney function.
