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ABSTRACT
It is presumed that drugs sourced from herbs have lesser side effects than allopathic drugs. Enantia chlorantha is widely used in herbal medicine for the treatment of several ailments such as, diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with significant impact in the well-being of humans. The global incidence of DM revealed the numbers of adults with diabetes in the world is estimated to rise 300 million in the year 2025 and this leads to increasing search for better anti-diabetic drug. The effects of hydro ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of E. chlorantha on AKT and GLUT4 genes of diabetes induced rat, were assessed in this study. The EC stem bark was extracted with 80% ethanol fractionated using solvent-solvent partitioning into hexane, ethyl acetate (EA) and ethanol soluble fractions. The HE extract ad ethyl acetate were used to treat the diabetic rats. Forty-two male Wister rats were divided into 7 groups with six animals in each group and kept in separate cages,Group1: Normal Control; Group II (Diabetic Control): high fat diet for 6 weeks and low dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) only ; Group III; high fat diet for 6 weeks and low dose of STZ + Metformin (200 mg/kg) Group IV; high fat diet for 6 weeks and low dose of STZ + 200 mg/kg of hydroethanol extract of EC stem bark Group V; high fat diet for 6 weeks and low dose of STZ + 400 mg/kg bw of hydroethanol extract of EC stem bark; Group VI; high fat diet for 6 weeks and low dose of STZ + 200 mg/kg bw of ethyl acetate fraction of EC stem bark Group VII: high fat diet for 6 weeks and low dose of STZ + 400 mg/kg bw of ethyl acetate fraction of EC stem bark. The induction of diabetes with high-fat diet/STZ suppressed the expression of AKT/ACT-B gene. The administration of hydro-ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of EC stem bark promoted the expression of AKT/ACT-B gene. Also, the extract and fraction of EC reversed the suppressive effect of high fat diet/STZ-induced diabetes on Glut-4/B-Actin gene in the muscle of the diabetic animals. The groups administered 400mg/kg HE and ethyl acetate fraction of EC demonstrated better ameliorative effects. Therefore, this study shows that EC modulate blood glucose and AKT/Glut-4 in STZ-induced diabetic Wister rats.
