EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN ADULT MALE WISTAR RAT

ABSTRACT

Caffeine is naturely produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants. It is also produced artificially and added to certain foods. Caffeine, the common name for 1,3,7- trimethylxanthine, was derived from the German word kaffee and the French word cafe, each meaning coffee. A person's blood sugar levels vary throughout the day, but insulin and glucagon keep them within a healthy range overall. When the body does not absorb or convert enough glucose, blood sugar levels remain high. Insulin reduces the body's blood sugar levels and provides cells with glucose for energy by helping cells absorb glucose. When blood sugar levels are too low, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon instructs the liver to release stored glucose, which causes the body's blood sugar levels to rise. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of Caffeine on blood glucose level in adult male wistar rat. A total of twenty (20) adult male wistar rats were used for this study. The rats were divided into four (4) experimental groups (1-4) with five (n=5) rats in each group. The rats were acclimatized for two weeks before administration. Group I served as the control group. Group 2 were administered 20mg/kg of Caffeine orally. Group 3 were administered 40mg/kg of Caffeine orally. Group 4 were administered 80mg/kg of Caffeine orally. All rats were sacrificed six hours after administration via cardiac puncture without feeding under mild chloroform anaesthesia. The blood samples were collected using an etida bottle and taken to the laboratory where they were arranged in a bucket centrifuge and spinned at 130 revolutions per minute in order for sedimentation of the blood samples to occur. After sedimentation, the red blood cell settled at the bottom of the bottle while the blood plasma were at the top. The random reagent used to determine the fasting blood sugar was prepared and 10ml of the supernatant of the diluents was mixed with the reagent. The mixture was allowed to stand for 10minutes, then the results were read in the calorimeter The result were statistically analyzed using Graph pad prism version 8. Comparison within groups were done using one-way ANOVA. The results were presented as +SEM and p-value less than 0.05(P<0.05) was considered statistically significant. The result from this study revealed no significant changes in the blood glucose level in Group 2, 3, 4 when compared with group 1(the control group). In conclusion, 20mg/kg, 40mg/kg, 80mg/kg of Caffeine has no significant effect on the blood glucose level in adult male Wistar rat.