ABSTRACT
Syzygium aromaticum (also known as clove) is a dried flower bud belonging to the Myrtaceae family that is indigenous to the Maluku islands in Indonesia but has recently been farmed in different places worldwide. The clove tree is composed of leaves and buds (the commercial part of the tree).Several reports have documented the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. This study examines The Effect of Syzygium aromaticum on the Hearts of adult Wistar Rats. This work involved the use of an experimental study design, consisting of twenty-four (24) adult Wistar rats weighing 152-206g which were acclimatized for fourty-six (46) days, separated into four (4) groups; A, B, C and D with each group having six (6) Wistar rats of randomized patterns for administration and were all weighed prior to it. In Group A (control group), the rats were administered with feed and distilled water, Group B were administered with 200mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum (low dose), Group C were administered with 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum (intermediate dose), Group D were administered with 800mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum (high dose). After administration (twenty-seven (27) days), the animals were sacrificed, organs harvested and processed for assays according to established methods. Data from the animals were subjected to statistical analysis using GraphPad prism version 8.1 statistical package and relevant statistical values were obtained. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out and data were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc test was used. Values of P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The statistical values obtained were converted into graphical representation in form of bar charts. Histologically, Group A, the control group, showed heart tissue with normal architecture composed of distinct cardiomyocytes, coronary arteries and interstitial spaces. Group B, also showed heart tissue with architecture composed of distinct cardiomyocytes, coronary arteries and interstitial spaces all normal. Group C, showed heart tissue with normal cardiomyocyte bundles with active coronary vascular congestion and mild perivascular lymphocyte mobilization. Group D, showing the heart tissue with normal cardiomyocyte bundles and active coronary vascular congestion. In conclusion, across the graded doses, Syzygium aromaticum has no negative effect on the heart tissue, it proved to have vasodilative properties as it increased blood flow in the coronary vessels in the heart tissue, and also showed to be a chemotactic agent which was observed by the mild perivascular lymphocyte mobilization.
