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ABSTRACT
The topic on colonialism and African underdevelopment has provoked global responsiveness and several academic debates for over four decades and the numerous outcomes of these debates have further pushed this topic to an unexpected topicality in the domain of African studies. The heat of the argument has given birth to a diversity of opinions and conclusions in both local and international literature. However, little or no attention has been made in literature on the holistic root cause of Africa endemic underdevelopment with particular reference to sub-Saharan Africa. Given the fact that when the effect of colonialism is discussed as a single factor of development, it may be misleading to conclude that it has led to the underdevelopment of Sub-Saharan Africa. This study therefore, is set out to review and discuss how European colonialism had adversely affected the factors of development yielding a counter-productive effect that has underdeveloped sub-Saharan Africa. Some of these factors are: educational, political, cultural, economic, ethnic and tribal relation, religion, health, curruption level, etc. It is the view of this study that despite the fact that colanialsm took place years ago, African underdevelopment today can be tied to colonialism. The aftermath of this foreign invasion has left a mark that may continue to bedevil or plague sub-Saharan Africa region.
