ABSTRACT
This study explores bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated produced water, a major issue in oil and gas production. Focusing on untreated produced water, it reveals key physicochemical parameters: pH (8.9-9.5), moderate salinity (17 ppt), varying total dissolved solids (1000-1210 mg/l), high oil content (250 mg/l), turbidity (100-103 NTU), and moderate oxygen demand (BOD 100-130 mg/l). COD levels (560-600 mg/l) indicate high oxygen demand due to chemicals. Cadmium and mercury concentrations were undefined, while trace metals like chromium, copper, nickel, and ammonia were detected. Local bacterial cultures (Bacillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in a lab-scale aerobic bioreactor reduced hydrocarbon levels from 250 mg/l to 20 mg/l, meeting EGASPIN 2018 guidelines for produced water discharge. Observations revealed that untreated produced water poses a threat to ecosystems and water resources due to diverse pollutants. Utilizing native bacterial cultures offers an affordable and efficient solution to mitigate environmental pollution, particularly in water-scarce regions. The study explores the potential of treated produced water for safe disposal and agricultural irrigation, emphasizing sustainable water management. In conclusion, this research underscores the significance of native bacterial cultures and biodegradation optimization for water treatment, environmental risk reduction, and industry sustainability. Recommendations include native bacterial species exploration, biodegradation challenge addressing, environmental regulation compliance, and advocating for sustainable water management practices. These efforts safeguard ecosystems, optimize resources, and enhance public health.
