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ABSTRACT
Nanoparticles have garnered increasing attention as promising agents for combating bacterial infections due to their unique properties. Phyllanthus niruri, a medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological properties, has been explored for its antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, nano particles have emerged as promising agents for combating bacterial infections due to their unique properties. This study investigates the antibacterial potential of Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) extract and Zinc oxide against bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of Phyllanthus niruri and nanoparticles was carried out using standard microbiological method. The bacterial isolates were confirmed using morphological and biochemical characterization. CLSI methods was used in antimicrobial analysis of Phyllanthus niruri extract and nanoparticles against bacteria isolates. From the result obtained the positive control had some zones of inhibitions ranging from 12.00±0.00 to 15.20±0.15mm against the test isolates which include Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp after 24hrs. The Zno showed a promising inhibitory activity from 21.20±0.00 to 49.40±0.10mm for Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp. There was also inhibitory activities for 75% plant extract and 25% nanoparticles ranging from 6.50±0.15 to 12.00±0.05mm. 75% nanoparticles and 25% plant extracts showed a high inhibitory activity against the isolates from 3.00±0.05 to 37.70±0.15mm after 24hours. 50% each of nanoparticles and plant extracts also showed some inhibitory activity from 12.10±0.05 to 32.50±0.5mm for all isolates after 24hrs. The best inhibitory activity in this study was obtained from 100% nano particles which had a considerable inhibitory diameter followed by 50% nano particles and 50% plant extracts after 24hrs. The inhibitory activities were also recorded after 48hrs, the positive control had some inhibitory activities across the isolates ranging from 7.80±0.05 to 15.00±0.25mm. Also the 100% plant extracts and 100% Zno had inhibition ranging from 0.00±0.00 to 43.40±0.05mm also 75% nanoparticles and 25% plant extract had an inhibition zones ranging from 28.75±0.1 to 40.00±0.35 after 48hours. The ability of nanoparticles to penetrate biofilms, which are protective layers formed by bacteria, addresses a major hurdle in treating chronic and persistent infections. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction between nanoparticles and bacteria will contribute to the development of more effectiveness of nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent.
