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ABSTRACT
Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa and the 7th most populous nation on earth. Current approximate population is 170 million, with 76 million adults and 3.1 million people with diabetes mellitus. International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) 2010 reported a prevalence estimate of 3.9% for Nigeria and the current prevalence of 4.9% is more than double the previous national prevalence of 2.2% following the landmark Federal Ministry of Health coordinated National Survey of 1997. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension has been found to co-exist in a number of patients. About 10 to 15% and 1 to 2% of Nigerians have hypertension and diabetes respectively. The aim of this study is to determine the renal function in type II diabetic-hypertensive patients using serum urea and creatinine. This research was carried out in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Benin City. The participants were out-patients from UBTH and their relatives. The research has a sample size of 100 participants and it involve; 25 control, 25 hypertensive patients, 25 type 2 diabetic patients and, 25 hypertensive-diabetic patients. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for blood sugar, serum urea and creatinine levels in diabetic patients, hypertensive patients, hypertensive-diabetes patients, control( non-hypertensive/diabetes) in the hospital. 23 male and 77 female participated in this study. Results were interpreted by student t-test and one-way analysis of variance test. Variation in means will be considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. This study shows that although, there was a slight decrease in eGFR (91.36mL/min ±7.99 ), serum creatinine (0.89mg/dl ±0.055) and also a slight increase in serum urea (24.436±1.40) in hypertensive-diabetes group as compared to the control group. The increase or decrease are not statistically significant. Hypertensive-diabetes group when compared with control p=0.062, Diabetes group when compared with control showed p= 0.318, Hypertensive group when compared with control showed p=0.086, using eGFR. However, there was no significant difference. In conclusion, a good control/ management of blood glucose level and blood pressure helps reduce the risk of progressive renal impairment or its occurrence. serum urea and serum creatinine levels as well as the use of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are important biomarkers in the assessment of renal function.
