ABSTRACT

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are common environmental pollutants with substantial health risks for both humans and animals. The kidneys are particularly susceptible due to their role in filtration and toxin elimination. This research work is aimed at investigating the antioxidant and chelating properties of Persea americana seeds in the reduction of lead and cadmium distribution and to ascertain how the levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine are affected in the Kidney of Wistar rats as a model. Twenty-five (25) healthy adult male albino wistar rats weight ranging from 100g-200g were purchased and separated into five (5) groups of five (5) animals each. The control  group was given distilled water daily while group two was administered cadmium and Lead, group three was administered Zinc, lead and cadmium and groups four and five were administered ethanoic extract of Persea americana seeds (75 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) for a period of 4 weeks. Administration lasted for 28 days afterwards the rats were sacrificed. The liver and kidney tissues harvested for metal analysis and the whole blood was separated for biochemical tests. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were estimated. Results showed a statistically significant reduction (P<0.05) of MDA, Urea and uric  acid levels in lead and cadmium and a significant increase in SOD and CAT values compared to the control and treated group. The level of cadmium and lead in blood, kidney, and liver tissues. The study revealed that the extract, even at low doses, exhibited nephroprotective and antioxidant properties. It demonstrated the ability to counteract the deleterious effects of lead and cadmium on renal function, as evidenced by assessments.