ABSTRACT
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances, such as gases and particulates, are released into the atmosphere, negatively impacting human health and the environment. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, while nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a reddish-brown gas primarily emitted from vehicle exhaust and industrial activities. Both pollutants contribute to air quality deterioration and pose significant health risks. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of CO and NO₂ within a 7km radius of Nigeria Brewery Plc in Egbeda, Ibadan, from 2020 to 2024 using Sentinel-5P satellite data. Data was collected quarterly to account for seasonal variations and processed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and ArcGIS for visualization and classification. Results indicate fluctuating concentrations of CO and NO₂ over the years, with seasonal peaks observed during dry months due to reduced atmospheric dispersion. The high concentration of CO ranging from 0.0658mol/m2 to 0.0725mol/m2 depicted in Table 3.2. Were noticeable within the first quarter of each year and were concentrated around industrial zones, while NO₂ showed a wider spread, influenced by traffic emissions and meteorological factors with a very highest-range falling between 9.83 x 10-5 to 1.96 x 10-4 mol/m2 Classification into five categories—very low, low, moderate, high, and very high—helped in identifying pollution hotspots. The findings highlight the impact of high concentration of CO and NO2 which includes chronic respiratory diseases in children, and older adults, as well as severe damage to the nervous system and heart or even death. Industrial and vehicular emissions on air quality, emphasizing the need for effective pollution control measures. Recommendations include stricter emission regulations, continuous air quality monitoring, and urban planning strategies to reduce pollution exposure. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of remote sensing and GIS in monitoring air pollution, providing a scalable approach for future environmental assessments.
