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ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are potential sources of new antimicrobials and with renewed interest in phytochemicals, avalanche of researches have been undertaken to screen antimicrobial activities of these plants. The guava Psidium Guajava is a phytotherapeutic plant used in fork medicine that is believed to have active components that treat infections that are caused by pathogenic bacteria. The phytochemicals and antimicrobial properties of Psidium Guajava was carried out using standard microbiological method. The bacterial isolates were confirmed using morphological and biochemical characterization. CLSI methods was used in antimicrobial analysis of Psidium Guajava leaf extract against some bacterial isolates. The phytochemicals present in the Psidium Guajava leaf extract were flavonoid, alkanoid, tanins and saponin.. The result obtained showed that ethanol was a better solvent for extraction as it showed a better inhibition compared to aqueous. Staphylococcus aureus in this study was better inhibited by 100% extract of alcohol with 20mm zone diameter. All the concentrations from 12.5% to 100% was able to inhibit the growth of staphylococcus in this study. Streptococcus sp in this was also inhibited by both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The inhibition zones at 100% extract was recorded at 12mm for both extract Escherichia coli and klebsiella were also inhibited by the extracts of guava although a better zone was obtained at 25% concentration and above in all concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration obtained in this study showed that staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp in this study had the minimum inhibitory concentration at 25mg/ml while Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia had the minimum inhibitory concentration at 25mg/ml for alcohol and 12.5mg/ml for aqueous. The minimum bacterial concentration in this study was obtained at 50mg/ml for E.coli and Klebsiella x pneumonia and 25mg/ml for both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. It's important to note that while guava is an antibacterial agent, further research, including clinical trials, is needed to establish its efficacy, safety, and dosage for human use. Also, consulting a healthcare professional before using guava or any plant extract for medicinal purposes.
