ABSTRACT
The term "inflammation" (from the Latin "inflammatio") refers to the protective reaction of immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators in the bodily tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. The medicinal plant called Physalis angulata has been utilized to cure a variety of sicknesses, such as malaria, ulcers, aches, and other conditions. A folkloric study assessed the plant's methanol leaf extract on analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The Solanaceae family contains the significant genus Physalis. The plant is known as "SaadiBirii" in Hausa (a language spoken in Nigeria) and "cut-leaf ground cherry" in English. Both rural and urban residents of Nigeria frequently treat inflammation with Physalis angulata. This investigation aimed to assess the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Physalis angulata on anti-inflammatory properties (PAL) using egg albumin, formaldehyde and carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the safety of the plant at a single dose of 1000 mg/kg. Phytochemical components in this plant material were identified via preliminary phytochemical screening. The models of egg albumin, formaldehyde and carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats after treatment with the plant extract at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg body weight were found to have anti-inflammatory effect. The progression of the paw size was determined by the periodic assessment of the paw. The regular evaluation of the paw determined how the paw size changed over time. Result from the acute toxicity study revealed LD50 was greater than 100 mg/kg as there was no mortality recorded in the rats. The ethanol extract of Physalis angulata tested positive for glycosides, carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, eugenols, terpenes, reducing sugar alkaloids, steroids, and tannin in preliminary phytochemical analyses. Both therapeutically and preventatively, the extract's anti-inflammatory efficacy at 50 and 200 mg/kg resulted in a substantial (p≤0.001) reduction in paw size. P. angulata medicinal benefits in the treatment of inflammation may be supported by this study and thus may be subjected to clinical trial in patients with inflammatory problems.
