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ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. It is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to insulin produced, resulting in hyperglycaemia, leading to chronic and acute disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of Nigella sativum extracts on streptozocin induced-diabetes. Nigella sativum have been widely used in the treatment of several diseases. The decrease in the level of plasma glucose improves the cardiovascular complications related to diabetes mellitus. The Nigella sativum treatment caused a decrease in the elevated serum glucose and increase in the lowered serum insulin levels and partial proliferation/regeneration of pancreatic β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats, time-dependently. The anti-diabetic effects of Nigella sativum seeds may be, at least partly mediated by stimulated insulin release and the basic sub-fraction largely contributed to this stimulatory effect. The hypoglycemic effect of Nigella sativa oil and its active ingredient, Thymoquinone (TQ) could be due to inhibition of the oxidative stress, thus, preserving pancreatic β-cell integrity which leads to insulin levels increase. The considered changes indicate that that inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes. Inflammation markers are related to the development of diabetes in middle-aged adults. Although autoimmunity may explain these relations, probably they reflect the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes. This shows that Nigella sativa extracts has a high percentage in lowering the fasting blood glucose levels and inflammatory markers TNF-alpha and IL-1b when comparing the treated groups and the control groups. So therefore, the results indicate that Nigella sativa extracts has anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties.
